His book My 60 Memorable Games, published in 1969, is regarded as essential reading in chess literature. Eventually, he was granted an Icelandic passport and citizenship by a special act of the Icelandic Althing, allowing him to live there until his death in 2008.įischer made numerous lasting contributions to chess. In 2004, he was arrested in Japan and held for several months for using a passport that the US government had revoked. The US government ultimately issued a warrant for his arrest.
His participation led to a conflict with the US government, which warned Fischer that his participation in the match would violate an executive order imposing US sanctions on Yugoslavia. It was held in Yugoslavia, which was under a United Nations embargo at the time. In 1992, he reemerged to win an unofficial rematch against Spassky. Fischer subsequently disappeared from the public eye, though occasional reports of erratic behavior emerged. As a result, the Soviet challenger Anatoly Karpov was named World Champion by default. In 1975, Fischer refused to defend his title when an agreement could not be reached with FIDE, chess's international governing body, over the match conditions. Publicized as a Cold War confrontation between the US and USSR, the match attracted more worldwide interest than any chess championship before or since. After another qualifying match against Tigran Petrosian, Fischer won the title match against Boris Spassky of the USSR, in Reykjavík, Iceland. Qualifying for the 1972 World Championship, Fischer swept matches with Mark Taimanov and Bent Larsen by 6–0 scores. In 1964, he won with an 11–0 score, the only perfect score in the history of the tournament. A chess prodigy, he won his first of a record eight U.S.
Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943 – January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion.
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